Energy-level transitions, photons, and atomic spectra
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5 quick questions — pick an answer to see if you’re right.
1. When an atom gains energy, its electron moves up and the atom is in…
2. Compared to outer orbits, inner orbits of an electron have…
3. A hydrogen electron drops from n = 3 (−1.51 eV) to n = 2 (−3.40 eV). What energy photon is emitted?
4. When an electron moves down an energy level, the atom…
5. The Northern Lights glow because electrons in atoms are…
Astronomers pass starlight through a spectroscope. They see a continuous rainbow crossed by dark lines. The positions of the dark lines match the bright emission lines of hydrogen and helium measured in the laboratory.
What can astronomers conclude?
Challenge score: 0 / 6
C1. Place a check mark in two boxes to indicate statements that help explain why the starlight spectrum has dark lines.
C2. Why are the dark absorption lines at exactly the same wavelengths as the element’s bright emission lines?
C3. One of helium’s dark lines in the starlight is at 5.88 × 10−7 m. Substitute numerical values into a mathematical representation that can be used to determine the energy of the photons absorbed by helium at this wavelength. Then calculate the energy. (h = 6.63 × 10−34 J·s; c = 3.00 × 108 m/s)
C4. A student makes the following claim.
Place a check mark in either the Support or Refute box. Justify your response.
C5. Helium was first discovered in the Sun’s spectrum before it was found on Earth. How?
C6. An astronomer wants to find out whether a distant star contains calcium. Describe how she could use laboratory measurements and the star’s spectrum to decide, and state what evidence would support the claim that the star contains calcium.